A procedure to repair a torn labrum and stabilize the shoulder joint following dislocation.
Performed arthroscopically through small incisions, the torn labrum and associated ligaments at the front of the shoulder socket are reattached using suture anchors, restoring the structures that normally keep the shoulder in place. The procedure typically takes one to two hours and is usually day surgery.
Assessment includes examination and an MRI to confirm the pattern of labral and ligament damage and assess for any associated bone loss, which can influence whether this procedure or an alternative such as the Latarjet procedure is more suitable. Standard preoperative steps apply, including fasting and arranging transport home.
A sling protects the shoulder for the initial weeks, with physiotherapy progressing through structured stages as the repair heals. Full recovery, including return to contact sport, generally takes several months of consistent rehabilitation.
Rehabilitation follows a staged programme, beginning with protected movement, progressing to active movement and then strengthening, with a gradual return to sport-specific activity guided by the surgeon and physiotherapist based on healing and strength.
Risks include infection, stiffness, and, despite surgery, some risk of recurrent instability, particularly in younger, very active patients or those with significant bone loss, where an alternative procedure may be more appropriate. The general risks of anaesthesia also apply.
The aim is a shoulder that no longer dislocates or feels unstable with everyday or sporting activity. Most patients experience significant improvement in stability, with good rates of returning to previous activity levels, including contact sport in appropriate cases.
Bankart repair reattaches the torn labrum and ligaments that stabilise the shoulder after a dislocation, aiming to prevent further episodes of instability. Most patients experience good, lasting stability, particularly with a properly completed rehabilitation programme.
