A procedure to replace damaged joints in the fingers or thumb with prosthetic implants to restore function and relieve pain.
Through an incision over the affected joint, the damaged joint surfaces are removed and replaced with a small prosthetic implant designed to preserve some movement while relieving pain. The procedure typically takes one to two hours and is usually day surgery.
Assessment includes examination and X-rays to determine whether replacement or fusion is the more suitable option for the specific joint and level of arthritis. Standard preoperative steps apply, including fasting and arranging transport home.
A splint protects the new joint initially, with hand therapy introduced progressively to restore movement and strength. Recovery is gradual, with improvement in hand function continuing over several months.
Rehabilitation focuses on restoring a functional range of motion at the replaced joint while protecting it from excessive load in the early weeks, progressing to strengthening as healing allows, guided by a hand therapist.
Risks include infection, and, specific to joint replacement, implant loosening or wear over time, which may eventually require further surgery, particularly in younger or more active patients placing greater demand on the implant. Some patients experience residual stiffness or reduced joint movement.
The aim is pain relief with preserved joint movement, an alternative to fusion for appropriately selected patients. Most patients experience good improvement in pain and hand function, though as with any small joint implant, the mechanics differ from a natural joint and longevity varies with activity level.
Joint replacement for a finger or thumb joint aims to relieve pain from severe arthritis while preserving more movement than fusion. Most patients experience good pain relief and improved hand function, though implant longevity is an important consideration in younger, more active patients.
